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Why use lime render or plaster?
Lime renders and plasters are made from lime, sand and water and have been used by various civilisations worldwide for millennia. Historically in the UK, traditionally built solid-walled stone, brick, lath, reed or cob buildings were often built with lime mortar and then lime rendered and plastered.
Known for their breathability, flexibility and durability, lime renders and plasters have long been essential in the internal sympathetic repair, restoration and conservation of walls and ceilings. Externally they can function as a sacrificial layer for conserving stone masonry, brick or cob, where inappropriate materials can lead to damage that can be challenging to repair or even irreversible.
Unlike modern cavity wall construction, which features an outer layer and air gap designed to keep out moisture, solid-walled buildings require breathable materials to manage the moisture always present within the building fabric. As a result, modern cement-based renders and plasters are incompatible with these buildings as they are impermeable, often trapping moisture within the structure instead of allowing it to move or pass through. As a result, common issues usually found in historic or mid-20th-century buildings arise, such as condensation, damp, mould, mildew or decay. Further, this trapped moisture can lead to significant structural damage for cob, earth or timber buildings.
Traditional buildings naturally move and settle, and brittle cement renders and plasters can often struggle to accommodate this. As a result, they can introduce extra stress into the structure, leading to movement cracking that allows water to enter or causing the plaster or render to delaminate.
On the other hand, lime renders and plasters are softer, flexible and porous, making them a compatible and sympathetic material that is both permeable and capable of accommodating movement and protecting the long-term health of the building fabric.
Aesthetically, lime renders and plasters can present various finishes to traditional and modern buildings. From different colours and textures to stylish straight modern edges to classic natural curved and smooth features, these materials allow for a diverse aesthetic appeal of a building.
Today there is a renewed interest and appreciation for the properties and benefits that lime renders and plasters can bring to modern cavity wall construction. Lime renders and plasters are attractive; they can assist with moderating humidity, improving insulation, reducing energy demand, and supporting more sustainable building practices by managing moisture and accommodating building movement, which, most importantly, helps to create longer-lasting and healthier buildings.
Our extensive selection of premixed lime renders and plasters features a range of solutions for building conservation, renovation, modern new-build construction, or even winter working. Need help determining which render or plaster to use? Our in-house expert team can recommend a suitable render or plaster for your project. Buy online or open a trade account with convenient local and nationwide delivery available.
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There are several reasons why a lime render or plaster might be suitable for use in a project. Historic or heritage buildings featuring traditional materials such as lath, stone, or cob will benefit from a lime render or plaster. Unlike modern cavity wall construction, solid walled buildings lack an air gap to assist with moisture management and therefore require breathable materials. In addition, solid walls also undergo regular thermal movement, and the high flexibility of lime render and plaster can accommodate this movement. Lastly, lime has a distinctive natural appearance, which can add character and style to the building.
Each material offers advantages, which might work better, comes down to the requirements of the building. Lime render and plaster are beneficial for historic and solid walled structures that require materials that allow moisture movement, helping to prevent moisture from becoming trapped, which could cause potential damage. Further, these buildings also benefit from the flexibility of lime to accommodate building movement. Cement renders and plasters provide high strength and durability and are well-suited for modern construction. However, these are often too rigid and hard and don’t allow for sufficient moisture movement, which is detrimental in the long term.
Defining one material as better than the other would be misleading; instead, determining which material is more suitable should be based on the building requirements. Generally, lime plaster is ideal for solid-walled buildings that require compatibility with traditional construction materials and moisture management. Gypsum plaster, on the other hand, is well-suited for interior walls and ceilings in modern cavity wall construction. Nevertheless, lime plaster can also be used for modern buildings and is favoured by those looking for the natural aesthetic lime can provide.
There is no ‘best’ or ‘one size fits all’ mix for lime renders or plasters. We always advise that each project is unique, and the mix should be application specific. Another option instead of mixing on-site is to use a premixed lime render or plaster. When choosing a premixed option, review the features and application guidance, as these materials are often specially designed for performance in particular applications.
Lime renders and plasters can help better manage moisture problems, but to claim it stops damp is an overstatement. These materials assist with the movement of moisture in solid wall construction, which, unlike modern construction, doesn’t feature an air gap. By helping to reduce moisture from becoming trapped within the building fabric, lime renders and plasters help manage internal condensation and reduce moisture penetration from the external environment. Remember that there are many causes of damp, so while using these materials might be beneficial, determining the cause of the damp and considering the options to correct it is the best first step.